An Overview of Molecular Genetics of Brain Tumors

Advances in whole-genome sequencing and molecular profiling have led to substantially increased appreciation of the genetic diversity and complexity of brain tumor biology. Through systematic analysis of human tumor samples, neuro-oncology is moving from a histopathological characterization of primary brain tumors to a classification system based on relevant molecular features that more accurately reflect the biological activity of these neoplasms. Specific genetic abnormalities also provide potential therapeutic targets that were previously unidentified, and potentially more effective than the existing therapies. Here, we review the recent developments in the molecular science of adult and pediatric gliomas as well as medulloblastoma.